Analysis of vaccination strategies against COVID-19 in Spain and the scientific bases on which they have been based (May 2022)

After about a year and a half (at the moment these lines are being written) since the start of the massive vaccination campaign in which, thanks to the high coverage achieved in all groups eligible for vaccination, it has been possible to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, it is important to review the scientific basics that have supported the recommendations implemented to date and those that could be adopted in the near future taking into consideration the epidemiological situation. The objective of this article is, therefore, to address the foundations of some of the technical decisions proposed by the Committee on Programme and Registry of Vaccinations (National Immunization Technical Advisory Group in Spain) and the Technical Working Group on Vaccination against COVID-19. Throughout the eleven updates of the Vaccination Strategy against COVID-19 in Spain, several issues pose intense debate as the vaccination intervals between doses, the convenience of using different types of vaccines, the use of heterologous schemes of vaccination, the benefits of hybrid immunity and the use of a fourth dose (second booster dose) for selected populations. All this without forgetting essential aspects of safety of vaccines. This article is divided into the following sections: Vaccination intervals;Heterologous or mixed scheme;Hybrid immunity (vaccination after infection and infection after vaccination [breakthrough]);Second booster dose.

Topic Discovery About Economy During COVID-19 Pandemic from Spanish Tweets

Automatic topic discovery from natural language texts has been a challenging and widely studied problem. The ability to discover the topics present in a collection of text documents is essential for information systems. Topic discovery has been used to obtain a compact representation of documents for grouping, classification, and retrieval. Some tasks that can benefit from topic discovery: recommendation systems, tracking misinformation, writing summaries, and text clustering. However, topic discovery from Spanish texts has been somewhat neglected. For this reason, this work proposes analyzing the behavior of topic discovery tasks in texts in Spanish, specifically in tweets about the Mexican economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, under three different approaches. A comparison was conducted, achieving promising results because the topic coherence metric indicates coherent topics. The highest score of 1.22 was obtained using PLSA with 50 topics, concluding that the topics encompassed the study domain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Analysis of vaccination strategy against COVID-19 in Spain. The scientific basics (may 2022)

After about a year and a half (at the moment these lines are being written) since the start of the massive vaccination campaign in which, thanks to the high coverage achieved in all groups eligible for vaccination, it has been possible to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, it is important to review the scientific basics that have supported the recommendations implemented to date and those that could be adopted in the near future taking into consideration the epidemiological situation. The objective of this article is, therefore, to address the foundations of some of the technical decisions proposed by the Committee on Programme and Registry of Vaccinations (National Immunization Technical Advisory Group in Spain) and the Technical Working Group on Vaccination against COVID-19. Throughout the eleven updates of the Vaccination Strategy against COVID-19 in Spain, several issues pose intense debate as the vaccination intervals between doses, the convenience of using different types of vaccines, the use of heterologous schemes of vaccination, the benefits of hybrid immunity and the use of a fourth dose (second booster dose) for se-lected populations. All this without forgetting essential aspects of safety of vaccines. This article is divided into the following sections: Vaccination intervals;Heterologous or mixed scheme;Hybrid immunity (vaccination after infection and infection after vaccination [breakthrough]);Second booster dose.

Vaccination against COVID-19 in working groups

The Spanish Vaccination Strategy against COVID-19 has been prepared by a multidisciplinary Technical Working Group. It has considered the situation of the different socio-occupational groups against COVID-19, having assessed the criteria of risk of exposure, transmission, serious illness and death, negative social and economic impact, feasibility and acceptability of vaccination, in addition to taking into consideration the ethical pillars that govern the Strategy. In the working population, priority has been given to first-line health and social-healthcare personnel in the first stage and, later, to the rest of healthcare and socialhealthcare personnel (Groups 1, 2 and 3 of the Strategy). Group 6 included emergency personnel, security and army forces, and early childhood, special, primary and secondary education teaching personnel, due to the role that they played during the state of alarm, the significant risk of exposure, and the essential role they play in maintaining the proper functioning of society. This paper describes the stages of vaccination and their prioritization by groups in the labour context, and shows the strategy by age groups, together with the prioritization of Group 6, has been shown to be efficient and to reach workers with high risk of COVID-19 early.

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in historical perspective. Epidemics and mortality crisis in the last three centuries in Castile and Spain

This article depicts Spain's COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 in terms of the main mortality increases reported in Castile and/or the whole country between 1700 and 2019. Data are drawn from population censuses, parish records in 138 Castilian municipalities, and the Movimiento Natural de la Poblacion de Espana, 1890-2018. Our findings suggest that: (1) Catastrophic mortality rates plummeted in Castile during the second half of the 18th century, but severely rebounded in the early 19th century. (2) Only four crises afflicted the region between 1815 and 1869, but their average intensities exceeded those of the previous century. (3) Between 1870 and 2019, there were only three mortality upturns in Spain, 1918, 1938, and 1941. (4) Due to the current pandemic, excess mortality in 2020 was relatively low compared to those registered in Castile or Spain before that date. (C) 2021 Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica